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Thursday, 21 May 2026

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certification of documents
Case Law

Certified true copies of public documents must bear the signature, name and official title of the certifying officer.

Omisore v. Aregbesola [2015] 15 NWLR (Pt. 1482) 205 at 294, paras. D-H, per Nweze, JSC: “The first documents, as shown above, are public documents (exhibits 1-185). I entirely agree with the submissions of the cross-appellant with regard to their admissibility. Pursuant to section 104 of the Evidence Act, 2011, the said documents which, merely […]

Compensation for unlawful arrest and detention is AUTOMATIC!
Case Law

Compensation for unlawful arrest and detention is AUTOMATIC!

Jim-Jaja v. C.O.P., Rivers State [2013] 6 NWLR (Pt. 1350) 225 at 256, paras. B-C, per M.D. Muhammad, JSC: “Appellant’s unlawful detention by the respondents constitute a breach of his right to personal liberty as guaranteed under section 35(1) of the Constitution. The same Constitution has provided under section 35(6) thus: “Any person who is […]

Fundamental right to freedom from discrimination is only enforceable against the State and not against individuals.
Case Law

Fundamental right to freedom from discrimination is only enforceable against the State and not against individuals.

Lafia Local Govt. v. Gov., Nasarawa State [2012] 17 NWLR (Pt. 1328) 94 at 127-128, paras. F-G, per Rhodes-Vivour, JSC: “Section 42 of the Constitution guarantees to every citizen of Nigeria freedom from discrimination on the basis of belonging to a particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion. The discrimination […]

Adjournment to explore amicable settlement is allowed
Case Law

It has been judicially endorsed that litigants are free to seek adjournment in order to explore amicable settlement.

Salihu v. Ministry of Education, Gombe State [2017] 3 NWLR (Pt. 1551) 124 at 133, paras. D-F, per Husaini, JCA: “Application by litigants seeking as it were an adjournment to explore out-of-court settlement should not be taken with levity but given due consideration that it deserves being one of the cardinal principles in our adjudicative […]

Judgment based on admission
Case Law

Plaintiff has immediate right to judgment for any admitted sum, notwithstanding the existence of a counter-claim.

Arab Chem Ltd. v. Owoduenyi [2013] 10 NWLR (Pt. 1361) 89 at 101-102, paras. H-B, per Orji-Abadua, JCA: “It must be observed that the fact that there is a counter-claim notwithstanding, the trial court could still enter judgment for the sum already admitted by the defendant. A counter-claim is a claim filed in opposition to […]

no appeal over arbitration
Case Law

Arbitration is mandatory even where arbitration clause states that parties “may” arbitrate their dispute.

Sino-Afric Agricultural & Ind. Co. Ltd. v. Ministry of Finance Inc. [2014] 10 NWLR (Pt. 1416) 515 at 531-532, paras. E-A, per Orji-Abadua, JCA: “It must be observed that one question that often arises before the court is, whether arbitration is mandatory where the arbitration provision merely provides that the parties ‘may’ arbitrate their dispute. In some […]

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